If you import goods to the UK, you know that navigating customs is a crucial part of keeping your supply chain moving. You may also find navigating customs a big challenge – and if that’s the case, you’re not alone.
Whether you’re a seasoned importer or new to international shipping, this guide will walk you through the latest UK customs regulations, duty structures, compliance requirements, and practical strategies to ensure your goods move smoothly across borders in 2025.
Looking to Ship Freight to the UK?
Get instant freight quotes from dozens of vetted providers
What’s New in UK Customs Regulations for 2025?
UK’s Border Target Operating Model (BTOM)
One of the most significant changes to UK customs in recent years is the new Border Target Operating Model (BTOM) introduced in 2023 to improve border efficiency and compliance.
BTOM is being implemented gradually over several years. The changes so far have focused largely on increased requirements in certifications and documentation for animal and plant products.
The following BTOM requirements are currently being implemented or are scheduled to go into effect:
- Safety and Security declarations (Entry Summary Declarations or ENS) for imports into the UK from the EU are now required. This change went into effect on January 31, 2025.
- The UK Single Trade Window, aimed at simplifying import procedures and removing duplication, has been delayed; an update is expected in the spring.
- The Home Office is developing a new system called Cerberus to improve risk management, but finalizing it will take some time due to complexity and legislative barriers.
Streamlined Documentation Requirements
Another recent change is that Safety and Security declarations have gotten a bit easier. The UK government has reduced the mandatory data fields for entry filing, which should speed up both document prep time and customs clearance time.
UK Customs Duty Charges & UK Import Duty Costs
UK customs duties are typically calculated as a percentage of goods’ value, with rates varying based on your product’s HS code and country of origin.
UK import duties generally range from 0-25%, with higher rates applying in some specific cases. Agricultural products, textiles, and vehicles often require higher duties, while raw materials and components typically have lower tariffs.
Beyond basic duty rates, importers should remember to budget for:
- Value Added Tax (VAT) – typically 20% on most goods
- Excise duties on alcohol, tobacco, and fuel products
- Potential anti-dumping duties on certain products
- Processing and clearance fees
Shipping to the US? Try the Freightos US Duty Calculator.
Key Steps to Ensure Compliance with Customs Rules
Before importing to the UK, ensure your goods comply with all customs rules and regulations. Here are some steps to keep in mind:
Assess Product Risk Categories
The BTOM classifies goods into three risk categories: low, medium, and high. Review which category your goods fall into and the corresponding requirements. Make sure to do this regularly, as risk categorizations can change.
Prepare Health Certifications
For medium and high-risk goods, get your health certifications in place:
- Export Health Certificates (EHCs) for animal products
- Phytosanitary Certificates for plant products
- Common Health Entry Documents (CHEDs) for various regulated goods
Navigate Border Control Posts (BCPs)
The UK has expanded its network of Border Control Posts, each designated for specific types of goods.
- Identify the appropriate BCP for your goods based on product type and port of entry
- Pre-notify the BCP of your shipment through IPAFFS at least 24 hours before arrival
- Prepare for physical inspections if your goods are selected for examination
- Budget for BCP fees which vary by location and inspection type
Submit Safety and Security Declarations
Safety and Security (S&S) declarations have been fully implemented for all imports by 2025:
- Must be submitted at least two hours before arrival for short-sea routes
- Requires comprehensive data about contents, origin, and supply chain participants
- Can be submitted by the carrier, freight forwarder, or importer/agent
- Penalties for non-compliance or inaccuracies can reach £2,500 per violation
If you are shipping with a freight forwarder, they will do most of this legwork for you. But understanding what goes on behind the scenes can help you work with your providers to ensure your goods are compliant.
Common UK Customs Challenges and How to Overcome Them
Even experienced importers face challenges with UK customs processes. Look out for these common pitfalls:
Incomplete Documentation
Missing or incorrect documentation is one of the main causes of customs delays. Pay close attention to the accuracy of:
- The product descriptions on your commercial invoice
- The weight and quantities on your packing list
- Product-specific certifications and safety declarations
- Your goods’ HS code
Misunderstanding New Risk Categories
The evolving risk categorization system can be confusing for importers. Work with your forwarder or customs broker to make sure your goods are categorized correctly.
Not Meeting New Health Certification Standards
Health certification requirements have become more stringent, especially for food and agricultural products. Here are some steps you can take to make sure you’re compliant:
- Communicate with your suppliers to ensure they understand UK requirements
- Factor certification timeframes into your supply chain planning
- Consider using third-party pre-certification inspection services
Tips for Seamless Importing to the UK in 2025
Embrace Digital Tools
Shipping freight, and especially clearing customs, involves many steps and copious paperwork. Digitizing where you can, using tracking tools to stay aware of your shipment’s progress and document management systems that allow for easy submission, corrections, and updates, will make staying compliant faster and less error-prone. (Pro-tip: If you book on Freightos.com you’ll be able to track and manage your shipment, including document management and communication with providers, right on the platform.)
Partner Strategically
No importer can navigate customs alone. Work with freight forwarders and customs brokers who can stay on top of regulations so you don’t have to and smooth your customs clearance on every shipment. And if you use Freightos.com, you can choose from dozens of vetted freight forwarders for every shipment.
Stay Proactively Compliant
Even when working with expert providers, take control of your compliance by keeping aware of broad changes and turning to your partners proactively. If you prioritize being an active partner, you’re more likely to get excellent service and avoid snags.
Looking Forward: The Future of UK Customs
The UK customs landscape will continue evolving beyond 2025, with increasing digitalization, enhanced security protocols, and greater integration with global trade systems. By putting compliance processes into place now, you’ll position yourself for success regardless of future changes.
Get Full Transparency on Your Freight Quotes
Compare rates with every service specified. No surprises.
